Analysis and characterization of the fatty acids and free amino acids from silkworm and tussah pupa
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摘要: 为了考察蚕蛹的主要化学成分组成,为蚕蛹的生物利用及营养研究提供物质基础,采用气相色谱-质谱法系统分析了不同品种和不同孵育时间的蚕蛹的脂肪酸和游离氨基酸组成。结果表明,桑蚕蛹和柞蚕蛹中的脂肪酸在种类上是相同的,共9种。但柞蚕蛹中的多不饱和脂肪酸（74.7%）要高于桑蚕蛹（60.9%）,而其软脂酸（C16∶0）和硬脂酸（C18∶0）的含量低于桑蚕蛹。游离氨基酸分析发现,除了在柞蚕蛹中检测到天冬酰胺二在桑蚕蛹中没测到外,二者的其它氨基酸组成在种类上相同。在含量上,柞蚕蛹中脯氨酸含量最高（37.5%）,丙氨酸次之（20.5%）,桑蚕蛹中丙氨酸含量最高（34.9%）,都远高于其它氨基酸。孵育过程中柞蚕蛹的脂肪酸和氨基酸分析结果显示,大部分脂肪酸随孵化时间的延长总体呈下降趋势,只有部分脂肪酸在成蛾阶段有小幅上升。其氨基酸的变化要相对复杂些,在蚕由糖宝完全转化为蛹的初期所有氨基酸的含量均显著升高,孵化阶段开始后由于机体开始利用储存的氨基酸其含量开始下降,表明在蚕蛹由蛹变蛾的过程中可能存在大量的蛋白质合成。该结果表明了蚕在由虫体向蛹和蛾的变化过程中的代谢物变化情况,可能反映了孵育过程中蚕蛹体内能量利用的情况,也为确定后加工时蚕蛹的处理时间和方式提供依据,并为蚕蛹的进一步开发与利用提供物质基础和理论依据。Abstract: To investigate the differences of the major chemical composition of silkworm and tussah pupa and tussah pupa in the progress of hatch,gas chromatography mass spectrometry( GC-MS) was employed to analyze their fatty acids and free amino acids.9 fatty acids were obtained from both silkworm and tussah pupa.Polyunsaturated fatty acids accounted for 74.7% of the total fatty acids of tussah pupa and 60.9% of silkworm pupa while the content of stearic acid and palmitic acid in silkworm pupa was higher than that in tussah pupa. Alanine was the highest( 34.9%) amino acid in silkworm pupa,and in tussah pupa proline( 37.5%) and alanine( 20.5%) were the most abundant amino acids. During the hatch of tussah pupa,content of most of the detected fatty acids were decreased and a few of them were increased slightly at the moth stage,suggesting the changes of energy utilization in the process.Changes of amino acids were more complicated than that of fatty acids. Content of free amino acid was found higher at the beginning of the hatch than that of later stage.The results showed that growth stage and the process should be considered in possible industrial development.
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