Comparative analysis on quality of edible mushrooms sold in Alar
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摘要: 以阿拉尔市售六种食用菌杏鲍菇、平菇、人参菇、圆菇、金针菇、香菇为供试材料,对子实体中蛋白质、氨基酸、维生素C、还原糖、灰分和水分等指标进行比较分析,评价其食用品质。结果表明:这6种食用菌中,粗蛋白含量均在22%以上,其中圆菇高达49.20%;均富含17种氨基酸,在12%以上,平菇的必需氨基酸占总氨基酸含量最高,为7.84%;与FAO/WHO模式对比可知,6种食用菌均接近理想蛋白要求;通过对氨基酸评分(AAS),得出香菇的营养价值最高;运用氨基酸比值系数(RC)分析6种食用菌中的必须氨基酸的比例情况,其中香菇中亮氨酸过剩,异亮氨酸和缬氨酸相对缺乏。6种食用菌的维生素C在3.3 mg/100 g以上,还原糖含量也在0.21%以上,无机盐含量大致相似,其中圆菇灰分含量最高,为1.50%;香菇水分含量最高,为14.71%。可见,阿拉尔市售6种食用菌营养较丰富。Abstract: In order to evaluate edible quality ofcommercial mushrooms in Alar, the contents of protein, amino acid, vitamin C, reducing sugar, ash and moisture were determined in sporocarp of Pleurotus eryngii, Leurotus ostreatus, Zhenji lyophyllum, Agaricus bisporus, Flammulina velutipes and Lentinula edodes.The results showed that the contents of crude protein were all above 22%, among which Agaricus bisporus washighly to 49.20%.The six edible mushroomswere rich in 17 kinds of amino acids that were higher than 12%. The content of essential amino acidsin Leurotus ostreatus accounted for the hightest 7.84%.Compared with the FAO/WHO model, the protein of six commercial mushrooms were close to the ideal protein. The edible quality of Lentinula edodes isthe best estimated by amino acid score ( AAS) . The essential amino acid proportion by the ratio coefficient ( RC) of six edible mushrooms showed that leucine was excess and isoleucine and valine were not enough in Lentinula edodes.The content of vitamin C were higher than 3.3 mg/100 g and content of reducing sugarwere higher than 0.21%. The contents of inorganic salts of six edible mushrooms were similar, among which the best content of Agaricus bisporus' ash was1.50%. Letinous edodes' moisture content was the best, for 14.71%.It was found that the edible mushrooms in Alar was rich in nutrients.
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Keywords:
- edible mushrooms /
- quality /
- nutrient content /
- analysis
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