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中国精品科技期刊2020

UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS分析青钱柳嫩叶渗漉提取液化学成分

马博稷, 肖岩, 陈祖德, 舒任庚, 李冰涛, 姜丽, 徐国良, 张启云

马博稷,肖岩,陈祖德,等. UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS分析青钱柳嫩叶渗漉提取液化学成分[J]. 食品工业科技,2023,44(13):281−291. doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022070294.
引用本文: 马博稷,肖岩,陈祖德,等. UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS分析青钱柳嫩叶渗漉提取液化学成分[J]. 食品工业科技,2023,44(13):281−291. doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022070294.
MA Boji, XIAO Yan, CHEN Zude, et al. Analysis of Chemical Constituents in Percolate the Extract of Cyclocarya paliurus Tender Leaves by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2023, 44(13): 281−291. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022070294.
Citation: MA Boji, XIAO Yan, CHEN Zude, et al. Analysis of Chemical Constituents in Percolate the Extract of Cyclocarya paliurus Tender Leaves by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2023, 44(13): 281−291. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022070294.

UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS分析青钱柳嫩叶渗漉提取液化学成分

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(82060826);江西省教育厅科学技术研究项目(GJJ190645);江西中医药大学博士启动基金(2018WBZR008);江西中医药大学校级科技创新团队发展计划(CXTD22015)。
详细信息
    作者简介:

    马博稷(1997−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:中药药效物质基础研究,E-mail:Maboji02@163.com

    通讯作者:

    徐国良(1966−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:中药药理研究,E-mail:xuguoliang6606@126.com

    张启云(1982−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:中药药效物质基础和中药复方代谢组学研究,E-mail:zhangqiyun0923@163.com

  • 中图分类号: O657.63

Analysis of Chemical Constituents in Percolate the Extract of Cyclocarya paliurus Tender Leaves by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS

  • 摘要: 为分析青钱柳嫩叶的化学成分,本研究采取高效液相色谱-四级杆飞行时间串联质谱法(UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS)对青钱柳嫩叶渗漉提取液的化学成分进行快速定性分析。在正、负离子模式下全扫描和对母离子电子轰击,根据各化合物的精确分子量及元素组成、主要碎片信息、保留时间以及结合青钱柳相关文献和数据库检索,从青钱柳中共鉴定出94种化合物,包括29种黄酮类、16种三萜类、25种有机酸类、24种其他类化合物。分析结果显示,青钱柳渗漉提取液中含有黄酮、有机酸、三萜、香豆素、氨基酸类等多种化合物,且苹果酸、橙皮素、松脂素、6, 7-二羟基香豆素、6-甲基香豆素、5,7-二甲氧基香豆素为首次在青钱柳中发现,本研究结果可为进一步明确青钱柳药效物质基础奠定了基础,为开发青钱柳相关产品提供了理论依据。
    Abstract: To analyze the chemical components of the tender leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus, a rapid qualitative analysis of the chemical components of the percolation extracts of the tender leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus was carried out by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS). Mass spectrum data were collected in the positive and negative ion modes, and MassHunter qualitative analysis software was used, according to the retention time and mass spectrum information of each compound, combined with existing literature and mass spectrum databases, the compounds were analyzed for the fragmentation rule, 94 compounds were identified from Cyclocarya paliurus, including 29 flavonoids, 16 triterpenes, 25 organic acids, 24 other compounds. The analysis results showed that the percolation extract of Cyclocarya paliurus contained flavonoids, organic acids, triterpenoids, coumarins, amino acids, and other compounds, and malic acid, hesperidin, rosin, 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin, 6-methylcoumarin, 5,7-dimethoxycoumarin are found in Cyclocarya paliurus for the first time. This study can lay a foundation for further clarifying the material basis of Cyclocarya paliurus. It provides a theoretical basis for the development of relevant products of Cyclocarya paliurus.
  • 青钱柳(Cyclocarya paliurus),别名青钱李,甜茶树,摇钱树等,零星分布于中国东南地带,如江西、湖南、湖北、福建等地,是国家近年批准的新的食品原料,为药食两用植物[1]。现代研究表明,青钱柳的根、茎、叶具有良好的药用价值,享有“医学界第三棵树”之美誉,主要含有黄酮、有机酸以及三萜类等多种化学成分[2],具有降血糖、降血脂、降血压等诸多药理作用,是中国独有的天然保健食品资源,具有良好的防治心血管疾病和糖尿病等现代慢性病的效果[3]

    但由于青钱柳成分复杂性,当前国内对青钱柳活性成分的质量控制评价研究存在一定的局限性,且药效物质基础尚不十分明确,多以个别黄酮类成分或有机酸类作为青钱柳的指标成分[3],不利于青钱柳的深入开发与利用,需要进一步用现代科学方法对其化合物进行整体性分析研究[4]。高效液相色谱-四级杆飞行时间串联质谱法(Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry, UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS)是中药学、化学、药学等领域的分析仪器,兼具液相的高效分离能力和质谱的高灵敏度、高检测能力等优点,在代谢产物的分析研究、药效物质基础研究等方面具有独特的优势[5]。因此,为进一步明确青钱柳叶的有效成分,本研究采用不易破坏有效成分,且操作简单、浸出效率高的渗漉法对青钱柳嫩叶进行提取,同时拟采用UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS对各化合物的保留时间(tR)、MS以及MS/MS碎片信息进行采集,并结合在线数据库、文献和自建青钱柳成分数据库(Cyclocarya paliurus.cdb)、安捷伦中药对照品成分数据库进行快速定性分析,为阐明青钱柳叶的药效成分筛选研究、青钱柳叶功能食品领域的开发研究等奠定良好的物质基础。

    青钱柳新鲜嫩叶 于2021年4月采自江西修水 经江西中医药大学舒任庚教授鉴定为胡桃科青钱柳属植物青钱柳(Cyclocarya paliurus)的嫩叶;甲醇、乙腈 色谱级,德国Merck公司;甲酸 色谱级,美国Dikama Pure公司;95%乙醇 食品级,阿普斯戴尔生物科技有限公司;其他试剂均为国产分析纯。

    单渗漉筒 江西中医药大学中药资源与民族药研究中心定制;R-220 SE型大型旋转蒸发仪 瑞士Rotavapor公司;SL 8R型台式高速冷冻离心机 赛默飞世尔科技(中国)有限公司;SPD131DDA-P1-230型离心浓缩系统 赛默飞世尔科技(中国)有限公司;Milli-Q Advantage A10型超纯水仪 美国Millipore公司;Infinity 1290型超高效液相色谱仪、G6538型四级杆-飞行时间串联质谱仪 美国Agilent公司。

    参考文献[6]的方法,将净选铺晾后(除去灰尘杂质、挑选等)的青钱柳嫩叶(22048.79 g),用2.5倍量95%食用乙醇浸渍4 h后,加入约10倍量70%食用乙醇进行单渗漉提取,流速约2 L/h,最终得渗漉液约132 L,采用旋转蒸发仪进行浓缩,使提取液醇浓度降至约20%,低温静置24 h沉淀,纱布过滤取上清液,最终获得约2 L浓缩液,取1 mL备用。

    精密移取青钱柳渗漉提取浓缩液100 μL至1.5 mL离心管中,再加入900 μL甲醇充分涡旋30 s,4 ℃静置2 h,于15000 r/min,4 ℃条件离心15 min,取上清经0.22 μm微孔滤膜进行过滤,置于进样小瓶,待测。

    安捷伦Poroshell 120 EC-C18色谱柱(3.0 mm×100 mm,2.7 μm),柱温35 ℃,流动相0.1%甲酸水溶液(A)-乙腈(B),梯度洗脱(0~30 min,2% B;30~90 min,2%~50% B;90~110 min,50%~100% B;110~111 min,100%~2% B;111~113 min,2% B),流速0.3 mL/min;进样量3 μL。

    参考文献[4]的方法,采用电喷雾离子源(Electrospray ionization,ESI),负离子模式下的毛细管电压3.5 kV,干燥气温度350 ℃,干燥气流量10 L/min,雾化气压力:35 psi,毛细管出口电压120 V,锥孔电压60 V,扫描范围m/z 50~1100,碰撞能量为10、20、40、50 V,使用调谐液对仪器进行调谐,采用参比离子主要为m/z 121.0597和m/z 922.0979进行质量轴实时校正;正离子模式采集的毛细管电压4 kV,参比离子主要为m/z 112.9855和m/z 1033.9881,其他条件与负离子模式一致。

    采用安捷伦定性分析软件Qualitative Analysis B.05.00对采集数据进行处理,根据各化合物的保留时间(tR)及一级、二级质谱碎片信息,结合MassBank 2.1.6[7],HMDB 5.0[8]及PubChem[9],文献和自建青钱柳成分数据库(Cyclocarya paliurus.cdb)、安捷伦中药对照品成分数据库(Agilent TCM library-V20-04-17.cdb),推测可能化合物,并对其各类化合物的裂解规律进行初步解析。

    采用UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS对青钱柳渗漉提取浓缩液进行正、负离子模式全扫描,采集的总离子流图(Total ion chromatogram,TIC)如图1所示,从青钱柳渗漉提取浓缩液中共鉴定出94种化合物,包括29种黄酮类、16种三萜类、25种有机酸类、24种其他类化合物(包含氨基酸类、香豆素类及甾体类等)化合物,具体信息如表1所示。

    图  1  青钱柳嫩叶渗漉提取液的UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS总离子流图
    注:A.负离子模式;B.正离子模式;编号1~94为鉴定出的化合物对应的响应强度峰。
    Figure  1.  Total ion current chromatograms of percolation extraction of Cyclocarya paliurus tender leaves by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS
    表  1  正、负模式下青钱柳渗漉液中各成分二级质谱碎片信息
    Table  1.  The secondary mass spectrometry fragments information in Cyclocarya paliurus percolate in positive and negativeion mode
    分类序号tR(min)分子式准分子离子峰(m/z)MS/MS特征碎片信息推测化合物
    离子模式实测值理论值误差(ppm)
    有机酸类11.588C4H8O5[M-H]135.0299135.0299059.0137,135.0276苏糖酸[79]
    (Threonic acid)
    21.707C4H6O5[M-H]133.0148133.01424.571.0132,133.0117苹果酸[79]
    (Malic acid)
    31.843C6H8O7[M-H]191.0197191.0197085.0280,87.0071,111.0077,191.0170异柠檬酸[79]
    (Isocitric acid)
    42.406C6H8O7[M-H]191.0197191.01970111.0075,173.0067柠檬酸[710]
    (Citric acid)
    54.689C7H10O7[M-H]205.0352205.0354−159.0130,73.0272,87.0074,205.0320高柠檬酸[79]
    (Homoisocitrate)
    64.178C7H6O5[M-H]169.0143169.01420.669.0337,71.0122,95.0122,123.0065,125.0222没食子酸[5,79]
    (Gallic acid)
    79.513C7H6O3[M-H]137.0248137.02442.965.0383,93.0325水杨酸[11]
    (Salicylic acid)
    810.817C7H6O4[M-H]153.0195153.01931.353.0384,109.0227,153.0165原儿茶酸[11]
    (Protocatechuic acid)
    912.734C16H18O8[M-H]337.0909337.0929−5.9137.0216,163.0375,191.05273-O-对香豆酰奎尼酸[8]
    (3-O-Coumaroylquinic acid)
    1013.612C9H8O4[M-H]179.0358179.0354.579.0543,89.0378,106.0405,134.0344,179.0318咖啡酸[79]
    (Caffeic acid)
    1113.791C16H18O9[M-H]353.0832353.0878−13135.0424,173.0422,179.0335,191.05273-咖啡酰奎宁酸[12]
    (Chlorogenic Acid)
    1215.631C16H18O9[M-H]353.0879353.08780.393.0326,135.0422,191.05324-咖啡酰奎宁酸[12]
    (Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid)
    1318.392C16H18O9[M-H]353.0871353.0878−293.0323,191.05255-咖啡酰奎宁酸[12]
    (Neochlorogenic acid)
    14*19.619C7H10O5[M-H]173.0454173.0455−0.655.0177,57.0340,59.0133,69.0331,173.042 4莽草酸(Shikimic Acid)
    1520.284C10H10O4[M-H]193.0482193.0506−12.489.0389,93.0328,103.0540,117.0327,145.0274阿魏酸[12]
    (Ferulic acid)
    16*20.846C9H8O3[M-H]163.0401163.0401093.0325,119.0478,163.0371对香豆酸(P-Coumaric acid)
    1721.247C9H10O5[M-H]197.0553197.052812.679.0166,81.0340,95.0135,97.0288,125.0221丁香酸[5]
    (Syringic acid)
    18*22.687C7H12O6[M-H]191.0565191.05612.171.0123,73.0275,87.0078,127.0365,191.0529奎宁酸(Quinic acid)
    1933.186C25H24O12[M-H]515.1131515.1195−12.4173.0421,179.0319,191.05263,4-O-二咖啡酰奎宁酸[13]
    (3,4-O-Dicaffenoylquinate)
    有机酸类20*47.613C34H30O15[M-H]677.1535677.15123.4173.0451,179.0314,191.0568,353.08331,3,5-三咖啡酰奎宁酸(1,3,5-Tricaffeoylquinic acid)
    21*55.683C18H16O8[M-H]359.0774359.07720.6109.0291,359.0724迷迭香酸(Rosmarinic acid)
    22*103.907C18H30O2[M-H]277.2171277.2173−0.7277.2131α−亚麻酸(α−Linolenic acid)
    234.388C16H18O9[M+H]+355.1022355.1024−0.6135.0479,163.04281-咖啡酰奎宁酸[79]
    (1-O-Caffeoylquinic Acid)
    24*51.751C8H8O4[M+Na]+191.0316191.03150.5121.0290香草酸(Vanillic acid)
    2569.610C16H32O2[M+NH4]+274.2742274.27410.457.0703,71.0854,85.1019棕榈酸[79]
    (Palmitic acid)
    黄酮类26*7.706C15H14O7[M-H]305.0667305.0667057.0333,83.0123,109.0272,125.0219,137.0218(-)-表没食子儿茶素[(-)-Epigallocatechin]
    27*19.279C15H14O6[M-H]289.0715289.0718−193.0324,105.0340,123.0424,137.0239,139.033 0儿茶素(Catechin)
    2824.665C21H20O13[M-H]479.0832479.08310.2108.0180,133.0265,147.0056,201.0190,214.0205,271.0174,316.0211,317.0198杨梅素-3-O-半乳糖苷[14]
    (Myricetin-3-O-Galactoside)
    29*26.931C15H10O7[M-H]301.0356301.03540.7107.0121,109.0254,121.0273,151.0013,271.0283槲皮素(Quercetin)
    3027.945C21H20O12[M-H]463.0827463.0882−11.9151.0014,178.9955,255.0243,271.0213,300.0232,301.2371异槲皮苷[79,15-16]
    (Isoquercitrin)
    3128.636C21H18O13[M-H]477.0620477.0675−11.5151.0001,175.0224,301.0302槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷[4]
    (Quercetin-3-O-α−D-glucuronide)
    3228.891C21H20O12[M-H]463.0828463.0882−11.7255.0254,271.0206,272.0243,300.0229槲皮素-7-葡萄糖苷[79,15-16]
    (Quercetin 7-glucoside)
    3329.139C21H20O12[M-H]463.0826463.0882−12.1101.0224,178.9962,243.0253,255.0296,271.0249,300.0276,301.0267,302.030 2金丝桃苷[79,15-16]
    (Hiperoside)
    3430.868C20H18O11[M-H]433.0719433.0776−13.2150.9979,271.0203,301.0260槲皮素-3-O-αL−阿拉伯糖苷[5]
    (Quercetin-3-O-αL−arabinoside)
    3531.175C21H20O11[M-H]447.0874447.0933−13.2227.0306,228.0349,255.0264,258.0314,285.031 4山柰酚-3-O-葡萄糖苷[17]
    (Kaempferol-3-O-glucoside)
    黄酮类36*31.431C15H12O7[M-H]303.0495303.051−4.9105.0346,119.0476,123.0443,125.0226,145.0274,151.0385二氢槲皮[79]
    (Dihydroquercetin)
    3732.964C21H20O11[M-H]447.0870447.0933−14.193.0315,119.0477,145.0266,149.0220,177.016 0柚皮素-7-O-葡糖苷酸[79]
    (Naringenin-7-O-glucoside)
    3834.268C15H10O8[M-H]317.0260317.0303−13.665.0022,83.0124,109.0265,137.0215杨梅素[14]
    (Myricetin)
    39*37.14C21H20O10[M-H]431.0931431.0984−12.3228.0347,256.0296,285.0326阿福豆苷[18]
    (Afzelin)
    4037.379C21H20O10[M-H]431.0930431.0984−12.559.0132,135.0053,151.0026,227.0311染料木素-5-葡萄糖苷[79]
    (Genistein-5-glucoside)
    4147.434C23H22O11[M-H]473.1024473.1089−13.759.0146,255.0264,285.03204''-乙酰基阿福豆苷[79]
    (4''-O-Acetylafzelin)
    42*47.758C17H14O7[M-H]329.0660329.0667−2.1161.0255,227.0306,272.0249,300.0222,313.0322苜蓿素(Tricin)
    4349.804C15H10O6[M-H]285.0369285.0405−12.6119.0107,135.0086,211.0376,255.0299山柰酚[14,18]
    (Kaempferol)
    4452.224C15H12O5[M-H]271.0609271.0612−1.191.0179,117.0312,145.0261,159.0409,187.036 6柚皮素[79]
    (Naringenin)
    4557.098C16H14O6[M-H]301.0717301.0718−0.3121.0283,134.0353,135.0422,199.0336橙皮素[79]
    (Hesperetin)
    4659.024C30H26O12[M-H]577.1290577.1346−9.7145.0272,163.0368,285.0353山柰酚-3-O-αL−(3-反式-p-肉桂酰基-鼠李糖苷)[4]
    [Kaempferol 3-O-α−L-(3-trans-p-coumaroyl-rhamnopyranoside)]
    47*7.525C15H14O7[M+H]+307.0815307.08121139.0421(+)-没食子儿茶素[4] [(+)-Gallocatechin]
    48*13.382C15H14O6[M+H]+291.0866291.08631139.0424,147.0480(-)-表儿茶素 [(-)-Epicatechin]
    4923.722C21H20O13[M+H]+481.1000481.09774.8273.0461,319.0532杨梅素-3-O-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷[79]
    (Myricetin 3-O-β−D-Galactopyranoside)
    5033.184C21H18O12[M+H]+463.0932463.087113.2287.0582山柰酚-3-O-β−葡萄糖醛苷酸[4]
    (Kaempferol-3-O-β−glucuronoside)
    5138.350C22H20O12[M+H]+477.1075477.10289.9153.0200,287.0575木犀草素-7-甲基葡萄糖醛酸[79]
    (Luteolin 7-methylglucuronide)
    5240.243C15H12O6[M+H]+289.0703289.0707−1.483.0167,135.0477二氢山柰酚[79]
    (Dihydrokaempferol)
    5356.977C16H14O6[M+H]+303.0855303.0863−2.6117.0320,145.0285,163.03317-O-甲基圣草酚[79]
    (Sterubin)
    5460.446C27H30O14[M+H]+579.1650579.1708−10129.0541,287.0627山柰酚-3,7-二-O-α−L-
    鼠李糖苷[79]
    (Kaempferitrin)
    三萜类5566.455C41H70O13[M+COOH]815.4711815.4798−10.7509.3316,609.4230,671.3817,771.4723,815.4710青钱柳苷Z18- Li C(Cyclocarioside Z18-Li C)
    5671.176C40H68O12[M+COOH]785.461785.4693−10.6477.3780,609.4226,741.4624,
    785.4610
    青钱柳苷F-Li[(20S,24R)-epoxydammarane-(3β,12β)-25-hydroxyl-12-O-αL−arabinopyranoyl-3-O-αL−arabinofuranoside]
    5775.3C37H60O11[M-H]679.3965679.4058−13.7603.3963,639.4408,679.3989青钱柳苷Q-Qin[(24R)-12β,20-dihydroxy-24-hydroperoxy-3,4-seco-dammara-4(28),25-diene-3-oic acid 20-O-(5-O-acetyl)-αL−arabinofuranoside]
    5876.655C41H70O12[M+COOH]799.4765799.4841−9.5477.3773,609.4194,755.4784,
    799.4765
    青钱柳苷N-Cui[(20S,24R)-(3β,12β)-20,24-epoxydammara-25-ol-12-O-βD−quinovopyranosyl-3-O-αL−arabinopyranoside]
    5978.385C43H74O14[M+COOH]859.4973859.5061−10.2494.3838,626.4224,771.5400,773.6733,814.4968,815.4978青钱柳苷Z10[Dammarane-(20S,24R,25)-penthydroxyl-11-O-βD−quinovopyranosyl-3-O-(5'-O-acetyl)-αL−arabinofuranoside]
    6087.034C43H72O13[M+COOH]841.4868841.495510.33524.3514,623.4338,755.4787,
    797.4861,841.4873
    青钱柳苷H-Cui
    [(20S,24R)-(3β,12β)-20,24-epoxydammara-25-ol-12-O-βD−quinovopyranosyl-3-O-(5-O-acetyl)-αL-arabinopyranoside]
    6187.81C35H58O9[M-H]621.394621.4003−10.1489.3513,522.3109pterocaryoside B
    6292.719C36H60O9[M-H]635.4104635.4156−8.2489.3530,535.3222pterocaryoside A
    6395.829C44H74O13[M+COOH]855.5027855.5111−9.8474.3492,621.0097,769.4955,
    811.5031,855.5027
    青钱柳苷N-Wu[(20S,24R)-epoxydammarane (3β,12β)-25-hydroxyl-12-O-βD−quinovopyranosyl-3-O-(4′-O-acetyl)-βD−quinovopyranoside]
    6496.689C35H58O9[M-H]621.3942621.4003−9.8489.3536,523.3233,595.9477青钱柳苷J[(12R,20S,24S)-20,24-dihydroxy-3,4-secodammara-4(28),25-dien-3-oic acid-12-O-
    a-L−arabinopyranoside]
    6598.308C30H48O4[M+COOH]517.3527517.3535−1.5473.3576,517.34702α−羟基乌苏酸(2α−hydroxyursolic acid)
    6699.962C36H60O9[M-H]635.4094635.4156−9.8489.3518青钱柳苷III(Cyclocarioside III)
    67100.32C35H56O8[M-H]603.3893603.3897−0.7471.3426,521.3055青钱柳苷II(Cyclocarioside II)
    三萜类6876.813C43H72O14[M+NH4]+830.5244830.5260−1.9772.5202,830.5244青钱柳苷Z19[(20S,24R)-epoxydammarane-(3α,11α)-25-hydroxyl-11-O-βD−glucopyranoside-3-O-(5′-O-acetyl)-αL−arabinofuranoside]
    6993.215C42H70O13[M+NH4]+800.5211800.51557652.4207,742.5142,800.5211青钱柳苷C[(20S,24R)-epoxydammarane (3β, 12β)-25-hydroxyl-12-O-αL−arabinopyranosyl-3-O-(5'-O-acetyl)-αL−arabinofuranoside]
    7096.173C30H48O4[M+H]+473.3615473.3625−2.1107.0875,119.0869,145.1030,147.1198山楂酸(Maslinic acid)
    香豆素类71*9.385C9H6O3[M-H]161.0245161.02440.6117.0321,132.0189,160.0126伞形酮(Umbelliferone)
    7227.119C14H6O8[M-H]300.9948300.9990−14201.0141,213.0112,226.9960,254.9890,257.0033,270.9838,282.9879,300.9925鞣花酸[79]
    (Ellagic acid)
    7365.406C20H14O7[M-H]365.0666365.0667−0.3189.0159,235.0336瑞香素甲醚[79]
    (Daphnoretin methyl ether)
    7419.236C10H8O3[M-H]175.0391175.0401−5.793.0333,131.0464,175.03274-甲基伞形酮[79]
    (4-Methylumbelliferone)
    758.863C9H6O4[M+H]+179.0332179.0339−3.977.0403,105.03546,7-二羟基香豆[79]
    (6,7-Dihydroxycoumarin)
    7616.970C10H8O2[M+H]+161.0595161.0597−1.291.0570,105.0725,133.06546-甲基香豆[79]
    (6-Methylcoumarin)
    77*22.784C9H6O2[M+H]+147.045147.04416.175.0541,77.0387,103.0540香豆素(Coumarin)
    7834.429C11H10O4[M+H]+207.0642207.0652−4.863.0223,121.0279,149.02285,7-二甲氧基香豆[79]
    (Citropten)
    糖类7922.432C6H12O6[M-H]179.0568179.05613.959.0124,71.0136,85.0278,179.0528D-葡萄糖[79]
    (D-glucopyranoside)
    酚苷类
    8017.728C15H18O8[M-H]325.0928325.0929−0.373.0263,103.0530,117.0323,
    145.0273,163.0400
    顺式苜蓿甙[79]
    (Cis-Melilotoside)
    8123.352C16H18O8[M-H]337.0907337.0929−6.559.0128,109.0284,133.0256,145.0272水胡桃苷[79]
    (Hydrojuglone glucoside)
    8224.477C16H16O8[M-H]335.0722335.0741−5.759.0127,71.0125,93.0324,145.0266胡桃苷[79]
    (Juglone Glucoside)
    生物碱类832.235C5H5N5[M-H]134.0478134.04724.592.0230,107.0335,134.0448腺嘌呤[19]
    (Adenine)
    氨基酸类842.534C5H7NO3[M-H]128.0352128.0353−0.852.0201,128.0330焦谷氨酸[79]
    (Pyroglutamic acid)
    85*10.577C11H12N2O2[M+H]+205.1001205.097214.1118.0679,146.0641L-色氨酸(L-Tryptophan)
    8641.922C9H11NO2[M+H]+166.0861166.0863−1.265.0397,91.0565,120.0834苯丙氨酸[20]
    (Phenylalanine)
    萜烯类8726.007C11H16O3[M+H]+197.1195197.117211.791.0555,105.0714,133.1027地芰普内酯[79]
    (Loliolide)
    倍半萜类8841.675C15H22[M+H]+203.1809203.17947.457.0716,77.0398,91.0562,103.0578α−姜黄[79]
    α−Curcumene)
    8952.407C15H20O2[M+H]+233.1525233.1536−4.781.0686,91.0536,103.0545,117.0699姜黄素β [79]
    (Turmeronol β
    单萜类9053.788C15H22O[M+H]+219.1760219.17437.879.0543,91.0543,105.0703松脂素[79]
    (Dendrolasin)
    9131.897C11H14O5[M+H]+227.0912227.0914−0.9141.0554京尼平[79]
    (Genipin)
    鞣质类925.507C13H16O10[M-H]331.0678331.06712.155.0180,107.0100,123.0077,125.0212,137.02262-没食子酰葡萄糖[5]
    (2-Galloylglucose)
    9332.010C20H20O13[M-H]467.0782467.0831−10.559.0125,123.0070,125.0218,151.0027,169.01073,4,5-三羟基苯甲醛-3-O-(6′-O-没食子酸-β−D-吡喃葡萄糖甙)[79]
    (Castamollissin)
    甾体类9475.731C28H48O[M+Na]+423.3616423.35974.5135.1164,147.1153,161.1311菜油甾醇[79]
    (Campesterol)
    注:*经安捷伦中药对照品成分数据库(Agilent TCM library-V20-04-17.cdb)质谱比对;[序号]经对应序号的参考文献质谱信息比对的化合物。
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    本研究从青钱柳嫩叶渗漉提取液中鉴定出25种有机酸,该类化合物在负模式下响应较强,由于结构中含有羧基和酚羟基,裂解过程中易丢失H2O和-COOH且易在羰基处断裂丢失CO、CO2等小分子基团形成碎片离子,若为芳香酸则容易脱去芳香基团及小分子基团而形成碎片离子[21]。青钱柳中富含棕榈酸、咖啡酸、奎宁酸等多种有机酸,对于青钱柳中有机酸类的研究报道较少,仅有少量成分已被证明具有降血糖、抗炎等药理活性,但研究证明有机酸对人类健康具有重要意义,一般具有抗菌、抗炎、抗肿瘤、降血压等功效[2]。结合数据库[7]及文献[12],以3-咖啡酰奎宁酸为例,该化合物的裂解情况与3-咖啡酰奎宁酸的理论裂解相似度高,在一级质谱中,其准分子离子峰为m/z 353.0832[M-H],在MS/MS质谱中,特征离子峰有m/z 191.0527、m/z 179.0335、m/z 135.0424,分别对应奎宁酸碎片离子、咖啡酸碎片离子及咖啡酸进一步脱去一分子CO2,其一级、二级质谱图以及裂解规律见图2。有文献报道[22],该化合物已从青钱柳醇提物中分离获得并鉴定,其活性可通过调节Nrf2/HO-1和NF-ĸB途径抑制氧化应激和炎症等;在食品领域中,该化合物常作为天然新型防腐剂应用于具有保健功效的食品中[23]

    图  2  3-咖啡酰奎宁酸在负离子模式下的一、二级质谱及可能裂解规律
    Figure  2.  Mass spectra and possible fragment pathways of 3-caffeoylquinic acid in negative ion mode

    青钱柳渗漉提取液中已鉴定的黄酮类成分的主要苷元为山柰酚和槲皮素,糖链多为葡萄糖、半乳糖、阿拉伯糖、鼠李糖、葡萄糖醛酸等,该类化合物基本母核为2-苯基色原酮的化合物,易丢失苷元碎片离子及环断裂产生的碎片,在裂解过程中有相似裂解[24],容易发生脱糖基、脱水、苷元位置发生逆狄尔斯-阿尔德反应(RDA)裂解,以及CO、CO2、CHO等一些中性分子丢失[25]。目前研究表明,青钱柳中总黄酮具有抗炎、抗氧化、酶抑制、抗肿瘤、调脂和抗菌等作用[2]。本研究从青钱柳渗漉提取液中共鉴定出29种黄酮类成分,其中,以金丝桃苷为例,对该类化合物的裂解形式进行阐述,在一级质谱中,其准分子离子峰为m/z 463.0826[M-H],在MS/MS质谱中,特征离子峰有m/z 255.0296、m/z 271.0249、m/z 300.0276、m/z 301.0267,分别对应[M-H-Gal-H2O-CO]、[M-2H-Gal-CO]、[M-2H-Gal]、[M-H-Gal]。结合数据库[7]及文献[15],推测为金丝桃苷,其一级、二级质谱图以及裂解规律见图3。该化合物已从青钱柳中分离鉴定,应瑞峰等[26]研究证明青钱柳中的金丝桃苷会随着浓度的增加使其清除DPPH自由基能力增强,具有开发抗氧化食品配料的应用价值。另外,该化合物在临床上运用药物也十分广泛,大多用于治疗心血管疾病,且常用于药品或保健食品的功效成分的检测等。除此之外,金丝桃苷还具有抗肿瘤、抗衰老、抗炎等多种作用,为后续该成分对青钱柳降血脂药效作用机制研究提供了一定的依据[27]

    图  3  金丝桃苷在负离子模式下的一、二级质谱及可能裂解规律
    Figure  3.  Mass spectra and possible fragment pathways of hiperoside in negative ion mode

    三萜类化合物是一类基本母核由30个碳原子组成的萜类化合物,该类化合物常与糖基相连,故其质谱裂解规律主要以糖苷键断裂为主,有时会出现环断裂产生的特征碎片离子[21],不易电离、裂解过程复杂。青钱柳渗漉提取液中共鉴定出16种三萜类化合物,该类化合物是青钱柳的特征性成分,主要具有抗肿瘤、降血糖和降血脂等药理作用[1]。以化合物青钱柳苷H-Cui为例,对该类化合物的裂解形式进行阐述。根据一级质谱的准分子离子峰m/z 841.4868[M+COOH],推测分子式可能为C43H72O13,在MS/MS质谱中,特征离子峰m/z 797.4861、m/z 755.4787、m/z 623.4338、m/z 524.3514,分别对应[M+2-H]、[M+2-H-CH3CO]、[M+2-C7H11O5]、[M+H-C7H11O5-C6H12O],结合自建青钱柳成分数据库(Cyclocarya paliurus.cdb),笔者推测该化合物可能为青钱柳苷H-Cui,其一级、二级质谱图以及裂解规律见图4。该成分已成功在青钱柳中分离鉴定出,其活性可显著改善3T3-L1脂肪细胞的葡萄糖消耗量[28]而发挥降血糖作用,可抑制人结肠癌细胞HCT-116的生长发挥抗肿瘤作用,且青钱柳三萜部位可抑制α-糖苷酶的活性、调节胰岛素信号通路、抑制炎症[1]等,在制备糖尿病肾病等药物中的应用已有初步研究进展。

    图  4  青钱柳苷H-Cui在负离子模式下的一、二级质谱及可能裂解规律
    Figure  4.  Mass spectra and possible fragment pathways of cyclocarioside H-Cui in negative ion mode

    除此之外,青钱柳嫩叶渗漉提取液还鉴定出其他化合物24种,主要有香豆素、氨基酸、酚苷类、鞣质类等,各类化合物裂解各有不同,如香豆素类——内酯片段和呋喃片段常易脱去CO2和CO,且偶数质量数的离子碎片的母核上常易发生-OCH3取代[29];氨基酸类常易脱去氮或脱去-COOH,易分解成α-酮酸、胺类及CO2;酚苷含有酚羟基团或糖基,故酚羟基的O-H键易断裂或糖链上易脱去糖基等。青钱柳中的其他类化合物研究多以分离鉴定为主,有待进一步探讨这部分化合物在青钱柳中是否存在一定的药理作用。

    从青钱柳嫩叶中共鉴定出94个化合物,还有部分化合物尚不能推测鉴定,特别是三萜类成分鉴定结果相对较少,这可能是因为目前青钱柳分离检测较为繁琐,市面上缺少对照品以及相应的特征碎片信息的缘故,现仅基于自建的青钱柳成分数据库(Cyclocarya paliurus.cdb)进行检索匹配。另一方面,青钱柳嫩叶中存在同分异构体无法通过质谱信息区分的情况,如咖啡酰奎宁酸、山柰酚葡萄糖苷等,对于该部分成分需要后续进一步分离鉴定研究。从分析结果显示,青钱柳嫩叶中含有多种黄酮类、有机酸类、三萜类的成分,具有降血糖、抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗氧化等药理活性。此外,青钱柳中的其他有机酸类成分如香草酸、丁香酸、没食子酸等也可通过抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性发挥降低血糖作用[30];青钱柳中的黄酮类化合物如槲皮素、山柰酚、阿福豆苷、山柰酚-3,7-二-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷、槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷等[22, 30-31]能够显著抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性而发挥降低血糖作用;青钱柳中的三萜类如pterocaryoside B、pterocaryoside A及青钱柳苷N-Wu等可通过改善载脂蛋白B48的含量发挥调血脂作用[32],青钱柳三萜部位还可通过破坏细胞的结构、降低线粒体膜的电位、促进葡萄糖的摄取等来发挥其抗肿瘤、降血糖的作用[2],文中部分鉴定出的成分尚未在青钱柳中阐明活性机制,需要进一步探讨。综上所述,本研究建立的UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS的方法可快速分析青钱柳嫩叶中黄酮类、有机酸、三萜类等化学成分,可为青钱柳嫩叶中成分进行活性成分含量测定奠定物质基础,同时可为青钱柳的新药理活性研究、活性成分质量控制研究、青钱柳功能性食品开发的深入研究提供依据。

  • 图  1   青钱柳嫩叶渗漉提取液的UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS总离子流图

    注:A.负离子模式;B.正离子模式;编号1~94为鉴定出的化合物对应的响应强度峰。

    Figure  1.   Total ion current chromatograms of percolation extraction of Cyclocarya paliurus tender leaves by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS

    图  2   3-咖啡酰奎宁酸在负离子模式下的一、二级质谱及可能裂解规律

    Figure  2.   Mass spectra and possible fragment pathways of 3-caffeoylquinic acid in negative ion mode

    图  3   金丝桃苷在负离子模式下的一、二级质谱及可能裂解规律

    Figure  3.   Mass spectra and possible fragment pathways of hiperoside in negative ion mode

    图  4   青钱柳苷H-Cui在负离子模式下的一、二级质谱及可能裂解规律

    Figure  4.   Mass spectra and possible fragment pathways of cyclocarioside H-Cui in negative ion mode

    表  1   正、负模式下青钱柳渗漉液中各成分二级质谱碎片信息

    Table  1   The secondary mass spectrometry fragments information in Cyclocarya paliurus percolate in positive and negativeion mode

    分类序号tR(min)分子式准分子离子峰(m/z)MS/MS特征碎片信息推测化合物
    离子模式实测值理论值误差(ppm)
    有机酸类11.588C4H8O5[M-H]135.0299135.0299059.0137,135.0276苏糖酸[79]
    (Threonic acid)
    21.707C4H6O5[M-H]133.0148133.01424.571.0132,133.0117苹果酸[79]
    (Malic acid)
    31.843C6H8O7[M-H]191.0197191.0197085.0280,87.0071,111.0077,191.0170异柠檬酸[79]
    (Isocitric acid)
    42.406C6H8O7[M-H]191.0197191.01970111.0075,173.0067柠檬酸[710]
    (Citric acid)
    54.689C7H10O7[M-H]205.0352205.0354−159.0130,73.0272,87.0074,205.0320高柠檬酸[79]
    (Homoisocitrate)
    64.178C7H6O5[M-H]169.0143169.01420.669.0337,71.0122,95.0122,123.0065,125.0222没食子酸[5,79]
    (Gallic acid)
    79.513C7H6O3[M-H]137.0248137.02442.965.0383,93.0325水杨酸[11]
    (Salicylic acid)
    810.817C7H6O4[M-H]153.0195153.01931.353.0384,109.0227,153.0165原儿茶酸[11]
    (Protocatechuic acid)
    912.734C16H18O8[M-H]337.0909337.0929−5.9137.0216,163.0375,191.05273-O-对香豆酰奎尼酸[8]
    (3-O-Coumaroylquinic acid)
    1013.612C9H8O4[M-H]179.0358179.0354.579.0543,89.0378,106.0405,134.0344,179.0318咖啡酸[79]
    (Caffeic acid)
    1113.791C16H18O9[M-H]353.0832353.0878−13135.0424,173.0422,179.0335,191.05273-咖啡酰奎宁酸[12]
    (Chlorogenic Acid)
    1215.631C16H18O9[M-H]353.0879353.08780.393.0326,135.0422,191.05324-咖啡酰奎宁酸[12]
    (Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid)
    1318.392C16H18O9[M-H]353.0871353.0878−293.0323,191.05255-咖啡酰奎宁酸[12]
    (Neochlorogenic acid)
    14*19.619C7H10O5[M-H]173.0454173.0455−0.655.0177,57.0340,59.0133,69.0331,173.042 4莽草酸(Shikimic Acid)
    1520.284C10H10O4[M-H]193.0482193.0506−12.489.0389,93.0328,103.0540,117.0327,145.0274阿魏酸[12]
    (Ferulic acid)
    16*20.846C9H8O3[M-H]163.0401163.0401093.0325,119.0478,163.0371对香豆酸(P-Coumaric acid)
    1721.247C9H10O5[M-H]197.0553197.052812.679.0166,81.0340,95.0135,97.0288,125.0221丁香酸[5]
    (Syringic acid)
    18*22.687C7H12O6[M-H]191.0565191.05612.171.0123,73.0275,87.0078,127.0365,191.0529奎宁酸(Quinic acid)
    1933.186C25H24O12[M-H]515.1131515.1195−12.4173.0421,179.0319,191.05263,4-O-二咖啡酰奎宁酸[13]
    (3,4-O-Dicaffenoylquinate)
    有机酸类20*47.613C34H30O15[M-H]677.1535677.15123.4173.0451,179.0314,191.0568,353.08331,3,5-三咖啡酰奎宁酸(1,3,5-Tricaffeoylquinic acid)
    21*55.683C18H16O8[M-H]359.0774359.07720.6109.0291,359.0724迷迭香酸(Rosmarinic acid)
    22*103.907C18H30O2[M-H]277.2171277.2173−0.7277.2131α−亚麻酸(α−Linolenic acid)
    234.388C16H18O9[M+H]+355.1022355.1024−0.6135.0479,163.04281-咖啡酰奎宁酸[79]
    (1-O-Caffeoylquinic Acid)
    24*51.751C8H8O4[M+Na]+191.0316191.03150.5121.0290香草酸(Vanillic acid)
    2569.610C16H32O2[M+NH4]+274.2742274.27410.457.0703,71.0854,85.1019棕榈酸[79]
    (Palmitic acid)
    黄酮类26*7.706C15H14O7[M-H]305.0667305.0667057.0333,83.0123,109.0272,125.0219,137.0218(-)-表没食子儿茶素[(-)-Epigallocatechin]
    27*19.279C15H14O6[M-H]289.0715289.0718−193.0324,105.0340,123.0424,137.0239,139.033 0儿茶素(Catechin)
    2824.665C21H20O13[M-H]479.0832479.08310.2108.0180,133.0265,147.0056,201.0190,214.0205,271.0174,316.0211,317.0198杨梅素-3-O-半乳糖苷[14]
    (Myricetin-3-O-Galactoside)
    29*26.931C15H10O7[M-H]301.0356301.03540.7107.0121,109.0254,121.0273,151.0013,271.0283槲皮素(Quercetin)
    3027.945C21H20O12[M-H]463.0827463.0882−11.9151.0014,178.9955,255.0243,271.0213,300.0232,301.2371异槲皮苷[79,15-16]
    (Isoquercitrin)
    3128.636C21H18O13[M-H]477.0620477.0675−11.5151.0001,175.0224,301.0302槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷[4]
    (Quercetin-3-O-α−D-glucuronide)
    3228.891C21H20O12[M-H]463.0828463.0882−11.7255.0254,271.0206,272.0243,300.0229槲皮素-7-葡萄糖苷[79,15-16]
    (Quercetin 7-glucoside)
    3329.139C21H20O12[M-H]463.0826463.0882−12.1101.0224,178.9962,243.0253,255.0296,271.0249,300.0276,301.0267,302.030 2金丝桃苷[79,15-16]
    (Hiperoside)
    3430.868C20H18O11[M-H]433.0719433.0776−13.2150.9979,271.0203,301.0260槲皮素-3-O-αL−阿拉伯糖苷[5]
    (Quercetin-3-O-αL−arabinoside)
    3531.175C21H20O11[M-H]447.0874447.0933−13.2227.0306,228.0349,255.0264,258.0314,285.031 4山柰酚-3-O-葡萄糖苷[17]
    (Kaempferol-3-O-glucoside)
    黄酮类36*31.431C15H12O7[M-H]303.0495303.051−4.9105.0346,119.0476,123.0443,125.0226,145.0274,151.0385二氢槲皮[79]
    (Dihydroquercetin)
    3732.964C21H20O11[M-H]447.0870447.0933−14.193.0315,119.0477,145.0266,149.0220,177.016 0柚皮素-7-O-葡糖苷酸[79]
    (Naringenin-7-O-glucoside)
    3834.268C15H10O8[M-H]317.0260317.0303−13.665.0022,83.0124,109.0265,137.0215杨梅素[14]
    (Myricetin)
    39*37.14C21H20O10[M-H]431.0931431.0984−12.3228.0347,256.0296,285.0326阿福豆苷[18]
    (Afzelin)
    4037.379C21H20O10[M-H]431.0930431.0984−12.559.0132,135.0053,151.0026,227.0311染料木素-5-葡萄糖苷[79]
    (Genistein-5-glucoside)
    4147.434C23H22O11[M-H]473.1024473.1089−13.759.0146,255.0264,285.03204''-乙酰基阿福豆苷[79]
    (4''-O-Acetylafzelin)
    42*47.758C17H14O7[M-H]329.0660329.0667−2.1161.0255,227.0306,272.0249,300.0222,313.0322苜蓿素(Tricin)
    4349.804C15H10O6[M-H]285.0369285.0405−12.6119.0107,135.0086,211.0376,255.0299山柰酚[14,18]
    (Kaempferol)
    4452.224C15H12O5[M-H]271.0609271.0612−1.191.0179,117.0312,145.0261,159.0409,187.036 6柚皮素[79]
    (Naringenin)
    4557.098C16H14O6[M-H]301.0717301.0718−0.3121.0283,134.0353,135.0422,199.0336橙皮素[79]
    (Hesperetin)
    4659.024C30H26O12[M-H]577.1290577.1346−9.7145.0272,163.0368,285.0353山柰酚-3-O-αL−(3-反式-p-肉桂酰基-鼠李糖苷)[4]
    [Kaempferol 3-O-α−L-(3-trans-p-coumaroyl-rhamnopyranoside)]
    47*7.525C15H14O7[M+H]+307.0815307.08121139.0421(+)-没食子儿茶素[4] [(+)-Gallocatechin]
    48*13.382C15H14O6[M+H]+291.0866291.08631139.0424,147.0480(-)-表儿茶素 [(-)-Epicatechin]
    4923.722C21H20O13[M+H]+481.1000481.09774.8273.0461,319.0532杨梅素-3-O-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷[79]
    (Myricetin 3-O-β−D-Galactopyranoside)
    5033.184C21H18O12[M+H]+463.0932463.087113.2287.0582山柰酚-3-O-β−葡萄糖醛苷酸[4]
    (Kaempferol-3-O-β−glucuronoside)
    5138.350C22H20O12[M+H]+477.1075477.10289.9153.0200,287.0575木犀草素-7-甲基葡萄糖醛酸[79]
    (Luteolin 7-methylglucuronide)
    5240.243C15H12O6[M+H]+289.0703289.0707−1.483.0167,135.0477二氢山柰酚[79]
    (Dihydrokaempferol)
    5356.977C16H14O6[M+H]+303.0855303.0863−2.6117.0320,145.0285,163.03317-O-甲基圣草酚[79]
    (Sterubin)
    5460.446C27H30O14[M+H]+579.1650579.1708−10129.0541,287.0627山柰酚-3,7-二-O-α−L-
    鼠李糖苷[79]
    (Kaempferitrin)
    三萜类5566.455C41H70O13[M+COOH]815.4711815.4798−10.7509.3316,609.4230,671.3817,771.4723,815.4710青钱柳苷Z18- Li C(Cyclocarioside Z18-Li C)
    5671.176C40H68O12[M+COOH]785.461785.4693−10.6477.3780,609.4226,741.4624,
    785.4610
    青钱柳苷F-Li[(20S,24R)-epoxydammarane-(3β,12β)-25-hydroxyl-12-O-αL−arabinopyranoyl-3-O-αL−arabinofuranoside]
    5775.3C37H60O11[M-H]679.3965679.4058−13.7603.3963,639.4408,679.3989青钱柳苷Q-Qin[(24R)-12β,20-dihydroxy-24-hydroperoxy-3,4-seco-dammara-4(28),25-diene-3-oic acid 20-O-(5-O-acetyl)-αL−arabinofuranoside]
    5876.655C41H70O12[M+COOH]799.4765799.4841−9.5477.3773,609.4194,755.4784,
    799.4765
    青钱柳苷N-Cui[(20S,24R)-(3β,12β)-20,24-epoxydammara-25-ol-12-O-βD−quinovopyranosyl-3-O-αL−arabinopyranoside]
    5978.385C43H74O14[M+COOH]859.4973859.5061−10.2494.3838,626.4224,771.5400,773.6733,814.4968,815.4978青钱柳苷Z10[Dammarane-(20S,24R,25)-penthydroxyl-11-O-βD−quinovopyranosyl-3-O-(5'-O-acetyl)-αL−arabinofuranoside]
    6087.034C43H72O13[M+COOH]841.4868841.495510.33524.3514,623.4338,755.4787,
    797.4861,841.4873
    青钱柳苷H-Cui
    [(20S,24R)-(3β,12β)-20,24-epoxydammara-25-ol-12-O-βD−quinovopyranosyl-3-O-(5-O-acetyl)-αL-arabinopyranoside]
    6187.81C35H58O9[M-H]621.394621.4003−10.1489.3513,522.3109pterocaryoside B
    6292.719C36H60O9[M-H]635.4104635.4156−8.2489.3530,535.3222pterocaryoside A
    6395.829C44H74O13[M+COOH]855.5027855.5111−9.8474.3492,621.0097,769.4955,
    811.5031,855.5027
    青钱柳苷N-Wu[(20S,24R)-epoxydammarane (3β,12β)-25-hydroxyl-12-O-βD−quinovopyranosyl-3-O-(4′-O-acetyl)-βD−quinovopyranoside]
    6496.689C35H58O9[M-H]621.3942621.4003−9.8489.3536,523.3233,595.9477青钱柳苷J[(12R,20S,24S)-20,24-dihydroxy-3,4-secodammara-4(28),25-dien-3-oic acid-12-O-
    a-L−arabinopyranoside]
    6598.308C30H48O4[M+COOH]517.3527517.3535−1.5473.3576,517.34702α−羟基乌苏酸(2α−hydroxyursolic acid)
    6699.962C36H60O9[M-H]635.4094635.4156−9.8489.3518青钱柳苷III(Cyclocarioside III)
    67100.32C35H56O8[M-H]603.3893603.3897−0.7471.3426,521.3055青钱柳苷II(Cyclocarioside II)
    三萜类6876.813C43H72O14[M+NH4]+830.5244830.5260−1.9772.5202,830.5244青钱柳苷Z19[(20S,24R)-epoxydammarane-(3α,11α)-25-hydroxyl-11-O-βD−glucopyranoside-3-O-(5′-O-acetyl)-αL−arabinofuranoside]
    6993.215C42H70O13[M+NH4]+800.5211800.51557652.4207,742.5142,800.5211青钱柳苷C[(20S,24R)-epoxydammarane (3β, 12β)-25-hydroxyl-12-O-αL−arabinopyranosyl-3-O-(5'-O-acetyl)-αL−arabinofuranoside]
    7096.173C30H48O4[M+H]+473.3615473.3625−2.1107.0875,119.0869,145.1030,147.1198山楂酸(Maslinic acid)
    香豆素类71*9.385C9H6O3[M-H]161.0245161.02440.6117.0321,132.0189,160.0126伞形酮(Umbelliferone)
    7227.119C14H6O8[M-H]300.9948300.9990−14201.0141,213.0112,226.9960,254.9890,257.0033,270.9838,282.9879,300.9925鞣花酸[79]
    (Ellagic acid)
    7365.406C20H14O7[M-H]365.0666365.0667−0.3189.0159,235.0336瑞香素甲醚[79]
    (Daphnoretin methyl ether)
    7419.236C10H8O3[M-H]175.0391175.0401−5.793.0333,131.0464,175.03274-甲基伞形酮[79]
    (4-Methylumbelliferone)
    758.863C9H6O4[M+H]+179.0332179.0339−3.977.0403,105.03546,7-二羟基香豆[79]
    (6,7-Dihydroxycoumarin)
    7616.970C10H8O2[M+H]+161.0595161.0597−1.291.0570,105.0725,133.06546-甲基香豆[79]
    (6-Methylcoumarin)
    77*22.784C9H6O2[M+H]+147.045147.04416.175.0541,77.0387,103.0540香豆素(Coumarin)
    7834.429C11H10O4[M+H]+207.0642207.0652−4.863.0223,121.0279,149.02285,7-二甲氧基香豆[79]
    (Citropten)
    糖类7922.432C6H12O6[M-H]179.0568179.05613.959.0124,71.0136,85.0278,179.0528D-葡萄糖[79]
    (D-glucopyranoside)
    酚苷类
    8017.728C15H18O8[M-H]325.0928325.0929−0.373.0263,103.0530,117.0323,
    145.0273,163.0400
    顺式苜蓿甙[79]
    (Cis-Melilotoside)
    8123.352C16H18O8[M-H]337.0907337.0929−6.559.0128,109.0284,133.0256,145.0272水胡桃苷[79]
    (Hydrojuglone glucoside)
    8224.477C16H16O8[M-H]335.0722335.0741−5.759.0127,71.0125,93.0324,145.0266胡桃苷[79]
    (Juglone Glucoside)
    生物碱类832.235C5H5N5[M-H]134.0478134.04724.592.0230,107.0335,134.0448腺嘌呤[19]
    (Adenine)
    氨基酸类842.534C5H7NO3[M-H]128.0352128.0353−0.852.0201,128.0330焦谷氨酸[79]
    (Pyroglutamic acid)
    85*10.577C11H12N2O2[M+H]+205.1001205.097214.1118.0679,146.0641L-色氨酸(L-Tryptophan)
    8641.922C9H11NO2[M+H]+166.0861166.0863−1.265.0397,91.0565,120.0834苯丙氨酸[20]
    (Phenylalanine)
    萜烯类8726.007C11H16O3[M+H]+197.1195197.117211.791.0555,105.0714,133.1027地芰普内酯[79]
    (Loliolide)
    倍半萜类8841.675C15H22[M+H]+203.1809203.17947.457.0716,77.0398,91.0562,103.0578α−姜黄[79]
    α−Curcumene)
    8952.407C15H20O2[M+H]+233.1525233.1536−4.781.0686,91.0536,103.0545,117.0699姜黄素β [79]
    (Turmeronol β
    单萜类9053.788C15H22O[M+H]+219.1760219.17437.879.0543,91.0543,105.0703松脂素[79]
    (Dendrolasin)
    9131.897C11H14O5[M+H]+227.0912227.0914−0.9141.0554京尼平[79]
    (Genipin)
    鞣质类925.507C13H16O10[M-H]331.0678331.06712.155.0180,107.0100,123.0077,125.0212,137.02262-没食子酰葡萄糖[5]
    (2-Galloylglucose)
    9332.010C20H20O13[M-H]467.0782467.0831−10.559.0125,123.0070,125.0218,151.0027,169.01073,4,5-三羟基苯甲醛-3-O-(6′-O-没食子酸-β−D-吡喃葡萄糖甙)[79]
    (Castamollissin)
    甾体类9475.731C28H48O[M+Na]+423.3616423.35974.5135.1164,147.1153,161.1311菜油甾醇[79]
    (Campesterol)
    注:*经安捷伦中药对照品成分数据库(Agilent TCM library-V20-04-17.cdb)质谱比对;[序号]经对应序号的参考文献质谱信息比对的化合物。
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2022-07-31
  • 网络出版日期:  2023-05-06
  • 刊出日期:  2023-06-30

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