Optimization of the Ultrasonic-assisted Extraction Process of Polysaccharides from the Peels of Wild Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia Linn. Var. Abbreviata Ser.) and a Preliminary Study on Their Antioxidant and Hypoglycemic Activities

KANG Qiao; SUN Yue; LIU Mengyao; ZHAO Baolong; LI Hehe; WANG Bowen; ZHAO Dongrui; SUN Baoguo; SUN Jinyuan

doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2023120028

Volume 45 Issue 21

Oct. 2024

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Science and Technology of Food Industry > 2024 > 45(21): 164-173. > DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2023120028

KANG Qiao, SUN Yue, LIU Mengyao, et al. Optimization of the Ultrasonic-assisted Extraction Process of Polysaccharides from the Peels of Wild Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia Linn. Var. Abbreviata Ser.) and a Preliminary Study on Their Antioxidant and Hypoglycemic Activities[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2024, 45(21): 164−173. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2023120028.

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Optimization of the Ultrasonic-assisted Extraction Process of Polysaccharides from the Peels of Wild Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia Linn. Var. Abbreviata Ser.) and a Preliminary Study on Their Antioxidant and Hypoglycemic Activities

KANG Qiao^{1, 2, 3,},
SUN Yue^{2, 3},
LIU Mengyao^{2, 3},
ZHAO Baolong^{2, 3},
LI Hehe^{2, 3},
WANG Bowen^{2, 3},
ZHAO Dongrui^{2, 3},
SUN Baoguo^{1, 2, 3, ,},
SUN Jinyuan^{2, 3, ,}

1.
School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100048, China
3.
Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing 100048, China

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Received Date: December 07, 2023
Available Online: August 27, 2024

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Abstract

Abstract

This study intends to explore the extraction process, physical and chemical properties, antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities of polysaccharides from wild bitter melon (WBM). Using the peel of fresh WBM fruit as raw material, based on the single factor experimental results, the liquid-to-material ratio, ultrasonic time and ultrasonic power in the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) process were optimized by Box-Behnken response surface. Two polysaccharide components of WBP50 and WBP75 were obtained through UAE of the optimal conditions and gradient alcohol precipitation, and their physical and chemical properties, in vitro antioxidant and hypoglycemic abilities were evaluated. The results showed that: under the conditions of liquid-to-material ratio of 16 mL/g, ultrasonic time of 16 min, and ultrasonic power of 312 W, the actual yield of crude WBM polysaccharide (WBP) was 8.33%±0.13%. The total sugar, protein, total phenols, total flavonoids, and uronic acid contents of WBP50 and WBP75 were 76.73%/73.38%, 4.78%/0.35%, 0.36%/0.25%, 2.06%/0.86% and 72.85%/49.58%, respectively. The average molecular weights were 27.59 kDa and 23.20 kDa, respectively. WBPs were mainly composed of galacturonic acid, galactose, rhamnose, arabinose, and glucose. The DPPH, ABTS⁺ and hydroxyl radicals scavenging abilities of WBP50 and WBP75 were 11.28/11.40 μg Trolox/mg, 40.87/44.42 μg Trolox/mg, and 52.47/99.89 U/mg, respectively. Regarding hypoglycemic ability, both WBPs had certain α-amylase inhibitory ability and strong α-glucosidase inhibitory ability. The α-glucosidase inhibition rate of WBP50 and WBP75 reached 93.34%±1.11% and 79.04%±0.76% at a concentration of 750 μg/mL. The UAE of WBP has the advantages of time saving, convenience, high efficiency and low energy consumption, and the extracted WBPs have natural antioxidant and hypoglycemic functional activities. This study lays the foundation for future structural analysis and functional mechanism research of WBPs and provides theoretical references for developing hypoglycemic products and high-value utilization of WBPs.
- wild bitter melon,
- polysaccharide,
- response surface test,
- antioxidant activity,
- α-glucosidase

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Science and Technology of Food Industry

Optimization of the Ultrasonic-assisted Extraction Process of Polysaccharides from the Peels of Wild Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia Linn. Var. Abbreviata Ser.) and a Preliminary Study on Their Antioxidant and Hypoglycemic Activities

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